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CRYOGENMASH is Scienttific and industrial Association of Cryogenic Engineering, performing the complete cycle of work in research, development, manufacture, contract supervision and commissioning of cryogenic equipment.
The partners: CRYOGENMASH cooperates with many firms more than in 30 countries of the world.
General Director of CRYOGENMASH: Kurtashin V.E.
The essential elements for connection:
telephone: (095) 521-17-74, fax: (095) 529-51-86, telex: 412561 CRYO SU
Post address: Lenin avenue, 67, Balashikha-7, Moscow region, Russia, 143900
GAS SEPARATION, LIQUEFACTION PLANTS AND COMPLEXES
 The plants of the ÊÒ Series are designed for production of low-purity oxygen (95%) and nitrogen (99%). These plants make provision for possible production of pure oxygen (99,5%) in the liquid state in amounts of up to 2% of the processed air. The possibility also exists to withdraw the equivalent amount of liquid nitrogen. Optional production of rare gases, i.e. krypton, xenon and neon, is provided.
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Since the advent of the world's first low-pressure air separation plants, which use the Kapitsa cycle, CRYOGENMASH has been persistently working at the low pressure concept in its research and development. The distinguishing feature of our domestic industry which involves supplies of air separation products to industrial customers implies the requirement of high reliability under the conditions of severe environmental pollution We are proud of the fact that CRYOGENMASH has contributed significantly to the creation of a broad spectrum of air separation plants not only in Russia, but also in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Byelorussia, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, and North Korea Our air separation plants were supplied to China, India, Yugoslavia, Germany, Egypt, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Nigeria. |
| Technical characteristics |
KT-7 |
ÊÒ-11 |
ÊÒ-18 |
ÊÒ-37 |
ÊÒ-74 |
| Processed air, m3/h |
32000 |
53000 |
85000 |
170000 |
340000 |
| Oxygen gas, m3/h |
7000 |
11600 |
18600 |
37200 |
74400 |
| Nitrogen gas, m3/h |
5000 |
10000 |
15000 |
30000 |
60000 |
 CRYOGENMASH delivers the plants completed with the automated monitoring and control systems, based on microprocessor and computer science, which provide for automatic control with the maintenance of the product high quality under minimum power consumption.
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The ÀÊ Type plants are capable of fulfilling practically any order of a customer. They feature production of high-purity nitrogen (impurity content down to 5 ppm) and oxygen (99,5%), complete separation of air (up to 70% of pure products), optional production of a portion of the products in the liquid state or at high pressure to satisfy the most diverse and exacting requirements of a customer and to ensure high efficiency of operation.
The designs of the plants are based on the world's up-to-date developments of the cryogenic equipment: turboexpanders with a booster-compressor stage, front-end air purification system with double-bed adsorbers and minimum power consumed for regeneration, plate-fin heat exchangers, air precooling system, efficient distillation columns with diametral flow of liquid over the trays.
The integrated separation of air is achieved in the plants of AKAp Series built on the basis of ÀÊ Type; they make provision for optional recovery of argon with the impurity content of not above 10 ppm. |
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Now CRYOGENMASH has mastered nitrogen plants of new generation with a fraction of product nitrogen from processed air being 50% and higher.
Since the 50th anniversary of developing the first large-scale liquid oxygen plants by Academician Kapitsa P.L., relying on preceding experience CRYOGENMASH has elaborated a range of cryogenic liquid complexes for centralized regional supply of liquid nitrogen, oxygen and argon to customers. The total capacity of the complexes ranges from 40 to 150 t/day of liquid products. The design and the scheme of the complex make provision for ultimate flexibility of control for the operating modes with varying production ratio of nitrogen and oxygen. Along with the liquid products it is possible to produce large amounts of gaseous products. |
| Specifications |
ÊÆÊ-40 |
ÊÆÊ-80-1 |
ÊÆÊ-80-2 |
ÊÆÊ-120-1 |
ÊÆÊ-120-2 |
| Oxygen liquid, m3/h (kg/h) |
1140 (1516) |
1140 (1S16) |
1870 (2487) |
1140 (1516) |
1870 (2487) |
| Nitrogen liquid, m3/h (kg/h) |
470 (547) |
2120 (2470) |
1370 (1596) |
3930 (4578) |
3070 (3576) |
| Argon liquid, m3/h (kg/h) |
40 (66) |
40 (66) |
65 (108) |
40 (66) |
65 (108) |
MEMBRANE GAS SEPARATION PLANTS
 The plants of Type ÌÂê are designed for production of air enriched with oxygen up to the concentration of at least 35%. They are used for oxygenation of water in fish farming, for biological cleaning of sewage, for oxytherapy and hypoxytherapy (the so-called "mountain air") in medicine, for pyrolysis of garbage and intensification of various oxydizing processes.
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GRYOGENMASH possesses over 15 years of experience in creating the membrane-type gas separation plants which are successfully operated in different fields of industry, agriculture and medicine: long-term storage of farm produce, biological cleaning of sewage, fish farming, transportation and storage of flammable materials, preparation of breathing mixtures for medical treatment and disease preventive purposes and inert medium in turbogenerator cooling systems in chemical industry.
They are extremely easy to operate; they have a high degree of automation and very short startup periods; they are highly reliable and ecologically clean.
CRYOGENMASH has supplied the membrane planis to Italy, Holland, Australia, Hungary and Bulgaria. |
| Specifications |
ÌBê-Î 0125Ð |
ÌBê-Ì-0.014 |
ÌBê-0.3 |
| Capacity , m3/h |
14 |
14 |
400 |
| Concentration of Î3 in product, %, dl least |
35 |
35 |
35 |
 The plants of Type ÌÂà are designed for separation of 90-98% nitrogen from air. They are intended for creation of inert atmosphere for storage of seeds, grain and other farm produce, for transportation and storage of oxydizable substances, for purging of pipelines in hydrogen cooling systems of turbogenerators in power plants.
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CRYOGENMASH offers complete refrigerating chambers with controlled medium composition.
Gas medium composition control is as follows: 1,5-10% by volume of oxygen and 1-10% by volume of carbon dioxide. The refrigerators make it possible:
- to increase the storage period 1,5-2 -fold;
- to reduce the natural losses 3-5 -fold;
- to retain high quality, nourishing and flavoring properties of the products.
CRYOGENMASH has developed a range of complete refrigerating chambers of 4 to 84 m3 in capacities.
For targe-tonnage storage of farm produce the plants BARS-5 (capacity up to 1000t in 5 chambers) and BARS-2-50 (capacity up to 50t in 2 chambers) are manufactured.
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| Specifications |
ÌÂà-0 44 |
ÌÂà-0.006 |
MB.i-0.022 |
| Capacity , m3/h |
440 |
5 |
18 |
| Concentration of N2 in product, % |
97 |
96—98 |
97 |
EQUIPMENT FOR STORAGE AND FILLING WITH LIQUID CRYOPRODUCIS
 Spherical tanks of 1400 m3 capacity, mounted under conditions of continental desert, have become the basis of the liquid hydrogen and oxygen filling systems of the rocket-space complex "Energia"-"Buran".
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Having appeared at the dawn of the space era within the project of testing and development of start rocket complexes, the liquid cryoproduct storage systems have now acquired great importance. Every year CRYOGENMASH delivers for industry several dozens of the liquid cryoproduct storage systems. Their total number reached 1500 and 350 of them have been delivered for export. However, the peak of our activity in this field is the complex of cryogenic systems for storage and filling of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen for a rocket system "Energia" with a shuttle "Buran". Cryogenic systems of the launching complex "Energia"-"Buran" provide for:
- storage of 4600 t of liquid oxygen and 370 t of liquid hydrogen;
- hydrogen cooling to 16.5 Ê, oxygen cooling to 58 Ê and cryostatic stabilization of spaceship tanks in the course of filling and preparation for launching.
Solution of those problems has become possible due to the use of spherical tanks of 1400 m volume, highly-efficient heat exchangers with capillary-porous surface coating and ejectors.
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 Horizontal tanks of 100 and 250 m3 capacity are characterized by their complete availability for service and are transported by railway.
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CRYOGENMASH supplies storage systems with vertical, horizontal or spherical tanks with the shield-vacuum heat insulation depending on the volume of stored cryoproduct. The long-term experience of our tank operation confirms their high reliability and maintaining the required vacuum in the insulation space without evacuation for at least 5 years. |
| Reservoir type |
Vertical |
Horizontal |
| Volume, m3 |
5 |
10 |
25 |
66 |
55 |
112 |
245 |
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Ñóòî÷íàÿ èñïàðÿåìîñòü ïî êèñëîðîäó, %Daily vaporization in term of oxygen, %
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0,29 |
0,2 |
0,14 |
0,29 |
0,12 |
0,071 |
0,074 |
| Working pressure, bar |
6—16 |
6—16 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
 CRYOGENMASH delivers the transport tanks of 25 m3 capacity for liquid oxygen, nitrogen, argon, liquefied natural gas and 45 m3 for liquid hvdrogen, which are mounted on semi-trailers
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The gasifiers of ÃÕÊ type are designed for efficient storage of the cryoproduct and its output in gaseous state to the user. The gasifiers are self-contained, require no power sources, use atmospheric heat for gasification. Automatic maintenance of the product delivery conditions is an important advantage of our gasifiers |
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Specified lions
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ÃÕÊ -5/0,6-100 |
ÃÕÊ -10/0,6-100
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ÃÕÊ -5/1,6-200 |
ÃÕÊ -10/1,6-200 |
ÃÕÊ -25/1,6-500Ì |
ÃÕÊ -25/1,6-1000Ì |
ÃÕÊ -25/1,6-2000Ì |
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Reservoir volume, m3
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5 |
10
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5
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10
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25,4
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25,4
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25,4
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Working pressure, Mpa maximum
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0,6
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0,6
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1,6
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1,6
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1,6
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1.6
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1,6
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Gaseous product output in terms of oxygen, m3/h
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100
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100
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200
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200
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550
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1100
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2200
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SPACE SIMULATORS AND CRYOTHERMOVACITOM PLANTS
 CRYOGENMASH delivered to consumers a batch of vacuum chambers of 1000 and 3000 m3 capacity to te^t rocket-space hardware
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In the eighties, CRYOGENMASH has supplied a few dozens of large-scale space simulators and cryothermovacuum plants to R & D organizations and test centers.
They dre designed for experimental development of space-craft and their units under continuous exposure to high vacuum, high and tow temperatures, "black and cold" environment, heat flows in visible and infrared ranges of emissions and a number of other physical factors. The simulators manufactured in CRYOGENMASH are distinguished by vacuum sterility, high efficiency of the trapping systems of the effluents from the tested object, safe system of screen cooling with natural circulation of the refrigerant. |
| Holding capacity, m3 |
Working pressure range, Pa |
Cryostatting temperature range of plant working volume, Ê |
Specific heat rating received by cryogenic shields, kW/m2 |
Evacuation speed of high-vacuum system, m3/s |
| 2—100 |
10**5—IO**(-8) |
80—2,5 |
1—3 |
up to 300 |
| 100—1000 |
10**5—IO**(-6)6 |
80—15 |
1—10 |
up to 2000 |
| 1000—10000 |
10**5—IO**(-6) |
80—15 |
1—10 |
up to 10000 |
| >10000 |
10**5—IO**(-6) |
80—15 |
1—10 |
above 10000 |
 Mobile vacuum unit with capacity of 100 l/s, providing sterility of residual atmosphere.
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CRYOGENMASH has an original design of the cryoadsorption pump cell, providing guaranteed adsorbent maintenance at the temperature of cooling refrigerant and removal of the adsorption heat convective component by a special screen. The advantages of the CRYOGENMASH vacuum pump are:
- sterility of the pumped-down volume;
- high pumping-down efficiency;
- wide range of working pressures;
- complete independence, maximum ease of servicing, noiselessness and ecological purity.
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 One of the new developments of the treatment and preventive chamber for 6 persons
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The pressure chambers manufactured by CRYOGENMASH are designed fur training, clinic and preventive treatment under changing pressure within the required limits (rarefaction), atmosphere gas composition and temperature. Ample opportunities for the atmospheric parameters regulation, safety, comfort and splendid clinic results are the characteristic features of our pressure chamber.
We have developed a number of vacuum-sublimation drying plants for food, biological and pharmacological industries.
Our experience in this field is used in the technological processes of optics, electronics, thin film deposition, vacuum-sublimation drying in the food industry, biology and pharmaceutics. |
HELIUM SYSTEMS, LIQUEFIERS AND REFRIGERATORS
 System for storage of liquid and gaseous helium for the plant of production of superconducting magnets.
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CRYOGENMASH is one of the leaders in practical development of superconduclivily on industrial scale. The world's first thermonuclear reactor "Tokamak 7" with superconducting magnet system of toroidal field was deigned and manufactured at CRYOGENMASH in the middle of the seventies. A cryogenic complex of the test thermonuclear reactor "Tokamak-15", which was put info operation in 1988, is one of the largest. Creation of a number of such cryogenic complexeb for superconducting objects provided the necessary experience and possibilities for participation in the most grandiose projects of our enterprize |
 Vacuum and thermal tests of the helium transfer line prototype with highly-efficient insulation at the Experimental Base in Vidnoye
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CRYOGENMASH helium refrigertilors are distinguished by their simplicity and ability to provide cooling capacity of 250-3000 W in the range from 3,6 to 4,5 Ê within one unit. The helium liquifiers capacity is in the range from 20 to 2400 1/h within one unit; the specific power consumption is 1,55 kW o h per 1 1 of liquid helium
CRYOGENMASH helium vessels and cryostats reach the volume of 100 m and provide long term storage of large amounts of liquid helium at daily evaporation not over 1 % or conducting tests of physical objects with long helium manifolds The heat input value through insulation is of critical importance in practical operation of physical objects with the extended helium transfer lines CRYOGENMASH succeeded in designing highly efficient helium pipelines with the heat inflows level being less than 0 1 W/m |
CRYOGENIC TURBOEXPANDERS
 Turboexpunders with electric generalor braking have been manufactured by CRYOGENMASH for over 40 years.
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CRYOGENMASH has special facilities for research, development and production of cryogenic lurboexpanders. The annual output of turboexpanders has reached 50 pcs. More than 1100 expanders successfully operate in our plants for years in many countries of the world.
We prefer the design of the centripetal turbine which was developed by our great precursor P.L. Kapitsa and spread over the world from Balashikha. The modern designs of expanders manufactured in CRYOGENMASH are characterized by highly efficient channel guiding units, soldered impellers with precision forming to shape, original seals, which minimaze the final leakages. The expanders have smooth regulating feature and isoentropic efficiency of 85-88% in the range of +20% of the nominal capacity. Combination of the expanders design with the boosting compressor stage as a break device is a problem, which is being solved now successfully.
Nomenclature of turboexpanders of our company is characterized by the impeller diameter dimension range from 16 to 500 mm. |
AUTOMATED MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
 Primary cryogenic temperature transducers
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Practically all plants (cryogenic systems or separate equipment) produced by CRYOGENMASH are equipped with modern control and automatic facilities which allow to ensure automatic monitoring of complicated production methods, trouble-free service during long-lerm continuous cycle of the plant operation, as well as for diagnosing operation of production equipment or a cryogenic complex as a unit.
Automated monitoring and control systems (AMCS) are based or decentralized microprocessor complexes having great potentials to make configuration of apparatus which correspond to the upper control level ensuring an optimum matching of soft- and hardware with each particulai method.
At the earliest stage of the monitoring system design soft- and hardwan were developed as well as control and diagnosis algorithms using a specia simulation complex on the basis of personal computers and mathematics model of an object being controlled. |
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